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Tool Guide — Costs & Overheads

The Cost Structure Analyser
guide for UK SME owners

Most SME owners have a rough idea of their costs. Very few can tell you — precisely — which are fixed, which are variable, and what happens to their total cost base if any one of them rises. This tool gives you that clarity. Every cost classified. Every scenario modelled. Plain English throughout.

What this tool does
🔢

Full cost classification

Every cost you enter is classified as fixed, variable, or semi-variable — with a plain-English reason specific to your cost type and UK business context.

📊

Sensitivity analysis

Toggle on to set a % change for each cost type. Instantly see the impact on your total cost base, per-type totals, and each individual cost line.

📈

Cost structure breakdown

Visual bar chart showing your fixed, variable, and semi-variable split as a proportion of total monthly costs. Instantly reveals where risk and flexibility sit.

💡

Management insights

Automated insights based on your cost structure — fixed cost burden, variable model risk, semi-variable splits, and break-even floor implications.

📋

Executive summary

A plain-English summary of your cost position with four prioritised management actions — structured like a board-level commercial review.

Full PDF report

Download a professional PDF with your complete classification table, sensitivity analysis, cost structure summary, and recommended actions.

Fixed, variable, and semi-variable — what they actually mean

Before you can manage your costs, you need to know what type each one is. The classification determines how your costs behave when revenue changes — and that determines your commercial risk.

Fixed Cost

Stays the same regardless of output

Fixed costs are paid every month whether you sell one unit or ten thousand. Rent, salaries, loan repayments, insurance, business rates — all fixed. They create your break-even floor: the minimum revenue you must generate before making any profit.

The test: "Would I pay this if I made zero sales this month?" If yes — it's fixed.
Variable Cost

Scales directly with your output

Variable costs only arise when you produce or sell. Stock, packaging, delivery, transaction fees, sales commission — all variable. No activity = no cost. They reduce naturally when trading is slower, which provides commercial flexibility.

The test: "Would this cost be £0 if I sold nothing this month?" If yes — it's variable.
Semi-Variable

Has a fixed floor and a variable element

Semi-variable costs (also called mixed costs) have a minimum base you always pay, plus an amount that varies with usage. Utilities, phone contracts, and some SaaS tools all behave this way. Splitting them accurately improves your break-even calculation.

The test: "Is there a minimum I always pay, plus extra based on usage?" If yes — it's semi-variable.
Why this matters in practice: If 65% of your costs are fixed, your business has a high break-even point and is sensitive to revenue falls. If 60% are variable, your costs will naturally reduce in a quiet month — but supplier price rises immediately damage your margin. Knowing the split precisely is the starting point for every meaningful commercial decision.

Six steps to a complete cost structure analysis

The tool is designed to take under five minutes for a complete analysis. Here is how to get the most from it.

1

Select your business type

Choose from Retail/E-commerce, Service/Consultancy, Manufacturing, Hospitality/Food, Trade/Construction, or Other. This loads a set of relevant default costs for your sector — you can edit, add, or remove any of them.

2

Enter all your monthly costs

Work through your bank statement or P&L and enter every cost you pay. Use the monthly amount excluding VAT. The more complete your list, the more accurate and useful the output. Include everything — even small subscriptions add up.

3

Enable sensitivity analysis (optional)

Toggle on the sensitivity feature and set a % change for each cost type. Use this to model specific scenarios — for example, what happens if raw material costs rise 15%, or if you renegotiate your lease and fixed costs fall 8%.

4

Run the analysis

Click Run analysis. Every cost is classified instantly with a plain-English reason. The sensitivity table shows the exact monetary impact of your scenario. Results appear on the right — scroll down to see the full breakdown.

5

Review your insights and summary

The tool generates management insights based on your specific cost structure — whether your fixed burden is high or low, what your variable costs mean for margin risk, and what actions to prioritise. The executive summary frames these as a commercial brief.

6

Download your PDF report

Click PDF Report to generate a professional downloadable document — full classification table, sensitivity analysis if enabled, cost structure summary, and four prioritised management actions. Suitable for sharing with your accountant, board, or business partner.

What happens when your costs change

The sensitivity analysis feature is what separates the subscriber dashboard version from the free tool. It answers the question every business owner faces but rarely models: if this cost increases, what does that actually do to my numbers?

Set the sliders to reflect a real scenario — an expected rent review, an anticipated supplier price increase, a planned headcount reduction, or an energy cost movement. The tool instantly shows the impact on your total cost base and the projected change per cost line. You can then take the fixed cost total directly into the Pricing Modeller to recalculate your break-even and see whether your current price still holds.

This is particularly important in the current UK environment where multiple costs are moving simultaneously. Modelling them in isolation gives a misleading picture — the sensitivity tool lets you apply changes across all three cost types at once to see the combined effect.

Example: Rent review (+12%) + energy rise (+20%)

A retail business with £2,500/month rent and £290/month utilities models a rent review and energy increase together. Fixed costs rise by £300/month, semi-variable by £58/month.

Total monthly cost impact: +£358

Example: Supplier renegotiation (variable costs -8%)

A product business with £8,500/month in stock and £1,100/month delivery costs renegotiates supplier terms. Variable costs fall by £756/month — improving margin immediately.

Total monthly saving: −£756

Example: New staff hire (+£3,500/month salary)

Adding a salaried employee increases fixed costs by £3,500/month (plus employer NI). Model this in the tool and then use the Headcount Modeller to calculate the revenue this hire must generate to break even.

Fixed cost increase: +£3,500+

Example: SaaS consolidation (fixed costs -15%)

Auditing and cancelling underused software subscriptions reduces fixed overheads. A 15% reduction on £380/month software spend saves £57/month — small individually but significant across multiple cuts.

Monthly overhead saving: −£57

What the PDF report looks like

Every analysis generates a downloadable PDF report — structured like a professional cost review, built from your actual data. Below is an example using indicative retail business figures.

LumixAI — Cost Structure Analyser — Example Retail Business Example only
EXAMPLE
£17,755
Total monthly costs
£7,510
Fixed costs (42%)
£9,840
Variable costs (55%)
£405
Semi-variable (3%)
Variable-heavy cost structure (55%) — supplier and delivery cost management is critical. A 10% increase in variable costs adds £984/month to overheads. Fixed cost base of £7,510/month defines the break-even floor — this revenue must be generated before any profit is made.
Sensitivity analysis — Fixed +10%, Variable +8%, Semi-variable +5%
Cost typeCurrentChangeProjectedImpact
Fixed£7,510+10%£8,261+£751
Variable£9,840+8%£10,627+£787
Semi-variable£405+5%£425+£20
Total£17,755£19,313+£1,558

Why most SME owners don't know their cost structure — and why it matters

It is a common situation: a business owner can tell you their monthly turnover, has a rough sense of their biggest costs, and knows whether they made money last month. What they typically cannot tell you is the precise split between fixed and variable costs, what percentage of their revenue goes to each, or what happens to their total cost base if any one input changes.

This gap creates real commercial problems. Without knowing your fixed cost base precisely, you cannot calculate your accurate break-even point. Without knowing your variable costs per unit, you cannot price correctly. And without modelling sensitivity, you are making strategic decisions — whether to hire, invest, expand, or hold back — on incomplete information.

The break-even implication

Your total fixed costs define the revenue floor beneath your profitability. Every pound of revenue below that floor generates a loss. Every pound above it generates a contribution toward profit at your variable margin rate. This is why fixed cost classification matters: getting it wrong by even 15–20% can mean your break-even calculation is materially inaccurate, and your pricing decisions are built on a false foundation.

A practical example: A service business with £6,500/month in salaries, £1,800/month rent, £380/month software, and £250/month insurance has a fixed cost base of approximately £8,930/month. That is the revenue floor. Every pricing decision, every new client quote, every growth decision should reference this number.

Semi-variable costs: the most misunderstood category

Semi-variable costs trip up more SME owners than either fixed or variable costs. The reason is that they look like fixed costs — they appear every month as a regular line in your accounts — but they behave partly like variable costs because part of the charge scales with usage.

Utilities are the most common example. Your electricity bill has a fixed standing charge that you always pay, plus a consumption element that rises when you are operating more intensively. If you treat the whole bill as fixed, you underestimate how much your energy cost rises during peak production. If you treat it as variable, you overestimate your fixed cost base. The correct approach — splitting the fixed floor from the variable element — gives you the most accurate commercial picture.

Sensitivity analysis in practice

The sensitivity feature is not a forecasting tool — it is a scenario planning tool. Its job is to answer concrete questions: if my supplier increases raw material costs by 12%, what does that do to my total monthly cost base? If I renegotiate my lease and reduce rent by 10%, how does that change my break-even? If I add two members of staff, what fixed cost commitment am I taking on?

These are the questions that drive real commercial decisions. Having the answers in precise numbers — rather than rough estimates — means you are making those decisions with confidence rather than guesswork.

Who this tool is for

The free version of this tool (available without a subscription at fixed-variable-cost-tool.html) classifies your costs and provides a breakdown. The subscriber dashboard version adds sensitivity analysis, per-row cost impact modelling, and the full PDF report — the complete picture for commercial decision-making.

Common UK SME costs — how to classify them

Quick reference for the most common costs in UK small businesses.

Fixed

Rent / premises

Always fixed. Same amount each month regardless of trading activity.

Fixed

Salaries (salaried staff)

Fixed. Separate from overtime and commission which are variable.

Fixed

Business insurance

Fixed. Agreed annual premium, divided into monthly payments.

Fixed

Business rates

Fixed. Set by your local authority — unchanged by trading performance.

Fixed

Loan repayments

Fixed. Set by your finance agreement regardless of revenue.

Fixed

Accountancy fees

Fixed when on a monthly retainer. One-off project fees are variable.

Variable

Stock / raw materials

Variable. You buy more as you sell more — total cost scales with output.

Variable

Packaging

Variable. A direct cost per unit — total spend rises with units sold.

Variable

Delivery / shipping

Variable. Each order dispatched generates a cost. No orders = no spend.

Variable

Card / transaction fees

Variable. Charged as a % of each transaction. No sales = no fees.

Variable

Sales commission

Variable. Only arises when a sale is made — scales directly with revenue.

Variable

Import duty

Variable. Calculated on the value of goods imported — rises with volume.

Semi

Utilities (electricity/gas)

Semi-variable. Fixed standing charge plus variable consumption element.

Semi

Phone / broadband

Semi-variable. Fixed contract minimum plus variable usage above allowance.

Semi

Software subscriptions

Semi-variable where pricing scales with users. Flat-rate tools are fixed.

Know your numbers.
Make better decisions.

The Cost Structure Analyser is included in every LumixAI subscription — along with 20+ other live tools, unlimited PDF reports, and the Command Centre. £19.99/month. 7-day free trial. Cancel any time.